國外對於寵物活體繁殖者的分類

繁殖從原理來說是一對公母狗交配結合精子和卵子生產下一代。而狗多數是人類參與很強的人工干預交配的繁殖的。所以“繁殖者”的一般定義就是作者給出的簡單定義。

寵物犬

　　Hobby breeder:

　　A breed fancier who usually has only one breed but may have two; follows a breeding plan in efforts to preserve and protect the breed; produces from none to five litters per year; breeds only when a litter will enhance the breed and the breeding program; raises the puppies with plenty of environmental and human contact; has a contract that protects breeder, dog, and buyer; runs a small, clean kennel; screens breeding stock to eliminate hereditary defects from the breed; works with a breed club or kennel club to promote and protect the breed; and cares that each and every puppy is placed in the best home possible.

　　愛好繁殖者：

　　他們是某品種的愛好者，通常他們只繁殖一到兩個品種，他們遵循繁殖計劃是為了保護這個品種，他們每年只繁殖1~5胎，只有一種前提他們才會繁殖，那就是這胎有機會增強這個品種。

他們在良好的環境中喂養幼犬，保證幼犬與人類足夠的接觸。他們使用協議保護繁殖者，狗，和購買者，他們經營著小的，干淨的犬捨，他們監控自己的種犬避免遺傳缺陷，他們和某個品種俱樂部或者犬業協會協作，來保護和推進這個品種，並且用心的照顧每一個幼犬，為每個幼犬尋找最合適的家庭。

　　Commercial breeder:

　　One who usually has several breeds of dogs with profit as the primary motive for existence. The dogs may be healthy or not and the kennel may be clean or not. The dogs are probably not screened for genetic diseases, and the breeding stock is probably not selected for resemblance to the breed standard or for good temperament. Most commercial breeders sell their puppies to pet stores or to brokers who sell to pet stores.

　　商業繁殖者：

　　他們通常有多個品種的犬，是以利益為主要驅動的存在。他們的狗可能健康或不健康，他們的犬捨可能清潔或髒亂，他們的狗可能會被監控以避免遺傳病，他們的種犬可能不會按照品種標准和性格進行篩選淘汰。絕大部分的商業繁殖者把他們的幼犬銷售到寵物商店或者那些和寵物商店交易的經銷商。

　　Broker:

　　One who buys puppies from commercial kennels and sells to retail outlets. Brokers ship puppies by the crate-load on airlines or by truckload throughout the country. Brokers must be licensed by USDA and must abide by the shipping regulations in the Animal Welfare Act.

　　經銷商：

　　他們從商業犬捨購買幼犬，做轉手的零售生意。經銷商用航空或者路運的方式將幼犬發到各地。這些經銷商必須具有美國農業部的認可並且必須遵守運送規范，保證動物福利。

　　Buncher:
　　One who collects dogs of unknown origin for sale to laboratories or other bunchers or brokers. Bunchers are considered lower on the evolutionary scale than puppy mill operators, for there is much suspicion that they buy stolen pets, collect pets advertised as "Free to a good home", and adopt unwanted pets from animal shelters for research at veterinary colleges or industrial research laboratories.
　　批發商：

　　他們收集不知出處的狗，銷售給實驗室或者其他批發商或經銷商。他們被認為是puppy mill的低級形態。因為他們很有可能去偷寵物，收集寵物，從寵物保護所領養被遺棄的寵物。用於動物試驗或者產業研究實驗室。

　　Backyard breeder:

　　A dog owner whose pet either gets bred by accident or who breeds on purpose for a variety of reasons. This breeder is usually ignorant of the breed standard, genetics, behavior, and good health practices. A backyard breeder can very easily become a commercial breeder or a puppy mill.

　　“後院”繁殖者：一個狗主人，他可能是因為意外或者多樣的原因進行了繁殖，這種繁殖者通常會　　忽略這個品種的標准，基因，行為表現，和有益的健康的鍛煉。這種繁殖者非常容易轉變成商業繁殖者或者puppy mill！

　　Puppy mill:

　　A breeder who produces puppies hand over fist with no breeding program, little attention to puppy placement, and poor health and socialization practices. A puppy mill may or may not be dirty but it is usually overcrowded and the dogs may be neglected or abused because the breeder can't properly handle as many dogs as he has. Puppy mill operators often denigrate hobby breeders and their dogs in attempts to make a sale.

　　Puppy mill:

　　他們大量的生產寵物，他們完全沒有繁殖計劃，很少考慮寵物安置。他們很少給寵物健康和社交的訓練。puppy mill可能不很髒但是他們通常很擁擠因為狗太多太濫了以致於他們很難照顧到那麼多的個體。puppy mill的商人通常會诋毀那些好的有聲望的愛好繁殖者，這麼做，是為了銷售他們自己的狗 。